"Il Terremoto In Abruzzo. Voci Della Speranza"

di Dr. Antonio Castaldo per IESUS Istituto Europeo di Scienze Umane e Sociali

Prime case consegnate nell’Abruzzo ferito. Le tendopoli si svuotano. Le scosse ritornano. La memoria richiama i primi giorni della tragedia. Ma la speranza non si arrende.

Il terremoto del 6 aprile 2009 in Abruzzo ha fatto 299 vittime, fra cui 20 bambini e lasciato in strada 80.000 persone poi sfollate nelle oltre 100 tendopoli allestite dalla protezione Civile. La zona intorno all’Aquila con quella scossa, di magnitudo 5,8 Richter, ha subito una deformazione di 650 chilometri quadrati come rilevato dal CNR elaborando i dati del satellite europeo Envisat.

Il patrimonio edilizio che si è salvato dal terremoto è ora oggetto di sopralluoghi per verificarne l’agibilità e permettere il ritorno in casa degli abitanti più fortunati. I Funerali di Stato, per 205 delle 299 vittime, sono stati officiati dal segretario di Stato vaticano, Tarcisio Bertone e dal Vescovo dell’Aquila, Giuseppe Molinari presso la Caserma della Guardia di Finanza a Coppito, il 10 aprile, con una affranta platea di 1600 familiari e 5.000 persone.

Erano presenti Giorgio Napolitano, Presidente della Repubblica; Silvio Berlusconi, Presidente del Consiglio; Renato Schifani e Gianfranco Fini, rispettivamente Presidente del Senato e Presidente della Camera dei Deputati; Roberto Maroni, Ministro dell’Interno ed i Sottosegretari Gianni Letta e Paolo Bonaiuti. Da parte dell’Opposizione erano presenti Dario Franceschini, Piero Fassino, Paolo Ferrero, Rosy Bindi, Franco Marini, Paolo Cento e Lorenzo Cesa.

Per sette morti islamici veniva officiato il rito islamico dall’Imam, Mohammed Nour Dachan, Presidente dell’Unione delle Comunità e Organizzazioni Islamiche in Italia.

Questo il quadro a distanza mostrato dai mass media. Poi c’è la quotidiana realtà che si può percepire e raccontare andando direttamente sul posto. E così, nei giorni conclusivi della Settimana Santa mi sono recato nelle zone terremotate a seguito di un drappello di volontari dell’Associazione Europea Operatori Polizia per la Campania, presidente regionale il Generale Giovanni Cimmino. Sul luogo del disastro fra i primissimi soccorritori ad intervenire gli operatori dell’AEOP Regione Abruzzo con il Presidente Nino Pezzi e la “consacrazione” massmediatica, per l’esposizione in copertina sul numero speciale immediato di Panorama, dell’operatore AEOP Rosario Zuccarello 31 anni durante l’intervento di Onna alle prime luci del giorno dopo la notte del terremoto. For more and the English Translation.

You can also visit directly the Brusciano, Italy News/Events Information Page at Italian Harlem

To contact: miriammedina@earthlink.net or miriam@thehistorybox.com
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Habeas Corpus (6)

Habeas Corpus Ad Faciendum Et Recipiendum.

A writ by which a superior court commands an inferior court to produce the body of a defendant, together with the cause (whence the writ is also called a habeas corpus cum causa), or grounds of his being taken and held, there to do and receive whatsoever shall be adjudged of him in the superior court. The writ is sometimes used in the United States.

Habeas Corpus Ad Prosequendum.

A writ issued to remove a prisoner for trial in the jurisdiction where the act was committed.

Habeas Corpus Ad Respondendum.

A writ for bringing up a prisoner from a lower court to be charged with a new offense.

Habeas Corpus Ad Satisfaciendum.

A writ used to bring up a witness to a superior court to charge him with process of execution upon a judgment.

Habeas Corpus Ad Testificandum.

A writ used to bring a witness into court when he is in custody at the time of the trial. It directs the sheriff to have his body in court. The power to issue writs of habeas corpus ad testificandum in cases where it is necessary to bring prisoners into court to testify is vested in the Federal courts by the General Judiciary Act of 1789.

CONSULT: Church, Habeas Corpus, with Practice and Forms, containing an extended account of its history in the United States (2d ed., San Francisco, 1893); Spelling, A Treatise on Extraordinary Relief in Equity and Law; the commentaries of Kent, Story, Blackstone, and Stephen; Encyclopaedia of the Laws of England (London, 18978-98); Jenks, "The Story of the Habeas Corpus," 18 Law Quarterly Review, 64.

To contact: miriammedina@earthlink.net or miriam@thehistorybox.com
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Habeas Corpus (5)

The general function and purpose of the writ is to determine whether the person in whose behalf the writ is granted is detained or held in custody lawfully or unlawfully. The cases where the writ is used may be broadly classified as those where the person is detained without any legal process, and where he is held under some form of legal proceedings, which may or may not be lawful.

The first of these classes is exemplified where one parent seeks to obtain the custody of a child under the control and in the custody of the other parent or some other person, and for that purpose obtains a writ in behalf of the child, setting up the illegal confinement of the child. Here the merits of the whole case must be heard and determined in order to decide to whom the custody of the child lawfully belongs.

So, in the case of a person confined as an insane person, without legal process, the merits of the case must be heard and decided, both as to whether the person is insane, and if so whether the confinement is lawful. Where the confinement is under legal process, however, the purpose and function of the writ is to procure a hearing and determination as to the question whether the confining authority is lawfully exercising its jurisdiction or not. Mere irregularity does not necessarily deprive the court of jurisdiction; but when the irregularity is so material that no jurisdiction over the prisoner has been obtained for the purpose of confinement, then the prisoner will be discharged. In other words, generally speaking, the writ cannot be used to do away with the regular trial of an action, or to inquire into the merits of proceedings any further than this is necessary to determine the legality of the confinement complained of.

The procedure by which the writ is obtained, both at common law and under the various statutes regulating the subjects in some of the States, is by some form of a petition or motion signed by the party or some one in his behalf, setting up such facts as are necessary to make out a prima facie case. The person entitled to custody of one illegally detained by another, as a father deprived of his child, may himself apply for the writ. The courts of the Federal Government in the United States have the discretionary right to withhold it; but in some of the States the writ must be granted, as in England, upon a proper petition or motion.

The question as to when the Federal and when the State courts have authority in cases where their authorities clash with each other is determined by the general principles governing the conflict of laws between the two.

To be continued: Habeas Corpus (6)

Transcribed from The New International Encyclopedia: 1902-1905 Dodd, Mead and Company New York Total of 21 Volumes.

To contact: miriammedina@earthlink.net or miriam@thehistorybox.com
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Habeas Corpus (4)

In the United States the power of the Federal courts is purely statutory in origin. The original statute creating this power in them was the Judiciary Act of September 24, 1789, sec. 14 (1 Stat., L. 81), which provided "that writs of habeas corpus shall in no case extend to prisoners in gaol, unless they are in custody under or by color of the authority of the United States, or are committed for trial before some court of the same, or are necessary to be brought into court to testify." The jurisdiction created by this act, it is now settled, is exclusive in the Federal court. Subsequent statutes have extended this jurisdiction to cases where the prisoner is in custody for an act done or omitted, in pursuance of a law or process of the United States (Rev. Stat., sec. 753), this being the general effect of the act of March 2, 1833 (4 Stat. at L., 634), commonly called the Force Bill; to cases where the prisoner is held in violation of the Constitution, or a statute, or treaty of the United States, whether in a State or Federal court (Rev. Stat., sec. 753); "to all cases of any prisoner in jail or confinement who are subjects of a foreign State, and domiciled therein, who are confined or in custody under or by any authority or law, or process founded thereon, of the United States, or of any of them, for or on account of any act done or omitted under any alleged right, title, or authority, privilege, protection, or exemption set up or claimed under the commission or order or sanction of any foreign State or sovereignty, the validity and effect whereof depends upon the law of nations, or under color thereof" (act of August 29, 1842, 5 Stat. at L., 539; Rev. Stat., sec. 753).

The provisions do not grant to the Federal courts the authority by habeas corpus to discharge a prisoner from the custody of the State courts or officers where the prisoner is within the jurisdiction of the State authority by which he is imprisoned, merely because rights are involved which arise under the laws of the United States, since where there is a proper jurisdiction the State courts are equally bound with those of the Federal Government, and are equally supposed, to support and give effect to the Federal laws, and any erroneous rulling in this respect would involve an error of law, which could be remedied by a proper appeal to the Federal courts. But where the denial of right by the State court involves not only an error of law, but such a refusal as places the court in a position of acting without jurisdiction, as in acting under an unconstitutional State law, a basis is laid for the remedy of a habeas corpus from the Federal court. This power of the Federal courts to grant the writ under the special grounds mentioned above is discretionary, and the writ is frequently refused in cases where the granting of it would tend to subvert the ordinary course of justice in the State courts.

To be continued: Habeas Corpus (5)

Transcribed from The New International Encyclopedia: 1902-1905 Dodd, Mead and Company New York. Total of 21 Volumes.

To contact: miriammedina@earthlink.net or miriam@thehistorybox.com
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